ABSTRACT
Objective To identify the species of trematodes isolated from laying ducks in Nanchang City using morphological and molecular approaches. Methods Trematodes were isolated from the hepatobiliary duct, gallbladder and large intestine of market-sold laying ducks in Nanchang City. Following morphological characterization, total DNA was extracted from all trematode specimens, and internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 (Cox1) genes were amplified using PCR assay and sequenced. Sequence alignment was performed using the Blast software, and homology and phylogenetic analyses were done in the trematode isolates based on ITS and Cox1 gene sequences. Results The morphological characteristics of two trematode isolates from the large intestine of laying ducks were similar to those of Echinostoma revolutum and E. miyagawai, and the morphological characteristics of eight trematode samples isolated from the hepatobiliary duct and gallbladder of laying ducks were similar to those of Amphimerus anatis. The ITS and Cox1 gene sequences of the two trematode isolates from the large intestine of laying ducks had 99.3% and 98.9%-99.4% homology with E. miyagawai, and the phylogenetic analysis showed that two trematode isolates had the closest genetic relationship with E. miyagawai based on ITS and Cox1 gene sequences. The ITS gene sequences of eight trematode isolates from the hepatobiliary duct and gallbladder of laying ducks shared 95.1%-95.5% with Opisthorchis sudarikovi and Clonorchis sinensis, while the Cox1 gene sequences of eight trematode isolates from the hepatobiliary duct and gallbladder of laying ducks shared 86.3%-86.4% and 85.5%-85.7% with O. viverrini and O. sudarikovi. ITS gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis showed that the duck-derived trematode isolates had the closest genetic relationship with C. sinensis, and Cox1 gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis showed that the duck-derived trematode isolates had the closest genetic relationship with Metorchis orientalis and O. viverrini. Conclusions The trematode isolates from the large intestine of laying ducts in Nanchang City may be E. miyagawai, and the trematode isolates from the hepatobiliary duct and gallbladder may be an unidentified trematode species of the family Opisthorchiidae.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and risk factors of Blastocystis hominis infections among AIDS patients in Nanchang City. MethodsA cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among AIDS patients in Nanchang City during the period between May and September, 2016. B. hominis infection was detected in patients’stool samples using a PCR assay, and the CD4+ T cell count was measured in subjects’blood samples. In addition, the risk factors of B. hominis infection in AIDS patients were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results A survey was conducted in Nanchang City from May to September 2016. A total of 505 AIDS patients were investigated, and the prevalence of B. hominis infection was 4.16%. Univariate analysis revealed that B. hominis infection correlated with the occupation (χ2 = 8.595, P = 0.049), education level (χ2 = 14.494, P = 0.001), type of daily drinking water (χ2 = 10.750, P = 0.020), root of HIV infections (χ2 = 8.755, P = 0.026) and receiving anti-HIV therapy (χ2 = 23.083, P = 0.001) among AIDS patients, and multivariate logistic regression analysis identified daily direct drinking of tap water as a risk factor of B. hominis infections [odds ratio (OR) = 7.988, 95% confidential interval (CI): (1.160, 55.004)] and anti-HIV therapy as a protective factor of B. hominis infection [OR = 0.183, 95% CI: (0.049, 0.685)]. Conclusions The prevalence of B. hominis is 4.16% among AIDS patients in Nanchang City. Daily direct drinking of tap water is a risk factor, and anti-HIV therapy is a protective factor of B. hominis infection among AIDS patients living in Nanchang City.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the present situation of the chronic schistosomiasis patients'knowledge,attitude and practice on schistosomiasis control in Nanchang City. Methods The knowledge,attitude and values on schistosomiasis control of 523 chronic schistosomiasis patients in Nanchang County,Jinxian County and Xinjian District in the Poyang Lake District were investigated with questionnaires. And the accuracy rates of the knowledge,attitude and practice among the patient groups of different counties,genders,age groups,occupations and educational levels were analyzed. Results The accuracy rates of the knowledge,attitude and practice of patients on schistosomiasis control were 95.76%,82.80%,and 81.73% in Nanchang County;91.37%,93.32%,and 76.48%in Jinxian County;88.25%,67.56%,and 49.40%in Xinjian District. In the accuracy rates of knowledge,attitude and practice,the differences among the three counties (districts) were statistically significant (χ2=57.511-301.378,all P<0.05). Conclusions The accuracy rates of chronic schistosomiasis patients'attitude and prac-tice on schistosomiasis control in Nanchang City remain low. Therefore,the intensity of attitude and practice intervention should be strengthened in the Poyang Lake District in order to enhance the self-protection awareness of the patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the endemic situation of human Toxoplasma gondii infection in Nanchang City in 2014 and analyze the influencing factors,so as to provide the evidence for control measures. Methods The high?risk population of T. gondii infection in Nanchang City was collected as an experiment group,and a control group was settled with the ratio of 1∶1. The serum tests and epidemiology surveys were conducted simultaneously,and the influencing factors were analyzed. Results The total positive rate of human T. gondii was 5.17%(124/2 400)among the whole population in Nanchang City in 2014. The positive rate was 7.50%(90/1 200)in the experiment group and 2.18%(34/1 200)in the control group,and the difference was significant(χ2=26.668,P<0.05). The results of univariate analysis indicated that different dietary habits and health habits were closely related to the infection of T. gondii(χ2=16.522,64.954,both P<0.05). The result of Logistic analysis showed that the risk factors of T. gondii infection were occupation,educational levels,raising cats,contacting animals or raw meat,and eating raw or uncooked beef. Conclusion The high risk population of T. gondii infection is the key population of the toxoplas?mosis control. Unhealthy dietary and living habits are key influencing factors of toxoplasmosis,and the related health education and surveillance work should be strengthened.
ABSTRACT
According to the Implementing Regulations of Standard Examination for Schistosomiasis Control in Jiangxi Province and the Criteria for Control and Elimination of Schistosomiasis, the endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Nanchang City was assessed by listening reports, checking up data, field survey, ect. Results showed that the indexes of endemic situation for both human and cattle reached the criteria for schistosomiasis control.